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Text -- Acts 23:4-35 (NET)

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23:4 Those standing near him said, “Do you dare insult God’s high priest?” 23:5 Paul replied, “I did not realize, brothers, that he was the high priest, for it is written, ‘You must not speak evil about a ruler of your people.’” 23:6 Then when Paul noticed that part of them were Sadducees and the others Pharisees, he shouted out in the council, “Brothers, I am a Pharisee, a son of Pharisees. I am on trial concerning the hope of the resurrection of the dead!” 23:7 When he said this, an argument began between the Pharisees and the Sadducees, and the assembly was divided. 23:8 (For the Sadducees say there is no resurrection, or angel, or spirit, but the Pharisees acknowledge them all.) 23:9 There was a great commotion, and some experts in the law from the party of the Pharisees stood up and protested strongly, “We find nothing wrong with this man. What if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him?” 23:10 When the argument became so great the commanding officer feared that they would tear Paul to pieces, he ordered the detachment to go down, take him away from them by force, and bring him into the barracks. 23:11 The following night the Lord stood near Paul and said, “Have courage, for just as you have testified about me in Jerusalem, so you must also testify in Rome.”
The Plot to Kill Paul
23:12 When morning came, the Jews formed a conspiracy and bound themselves with an oath not to eat or drink anything until they had killed Paul. 23:13 There were more than forty of them who formed this conspiracy. 23:14 They went to the chief priests and the elders and said, “We have bound ourselves with a solemn oath not to partake of anything until we have killed Paul. 23:15 So now you and the council request the commanding officer to bring him down to you, as if you were going to determine his case by conducting a more thorough inquiry. We are ready to kill him before he comes near this place.” 23:16 But when the son of Paul’s sister heard about the ambush, he came and entered the barracks and told Paul. 23:17 Paul called one of the centurions and said, “Take this young man to the commanding officer, for he has something to report to him.” 23:18 So the centurion took him and brought him to the commanding officer and said, “The prisoner Paul called me and asked me to bring this young man to you because he has something to tell you.” 23:19 The commanding officer took him by the hand, withdrew privately, and asked, “What is it that you want to report to me?” 23:20 He replied, “The Jews have agreed to ask you to bring Paul down to the council tomorrow, as if they were going to inquire more thoroughly about him. 23:21 So do not let them persuade you to do this, because more than forty of them are lying in ambush for him. They have bound themselves with an oath not to eat or drink anything until they have killed him, and now they are ready, waiting for you to agree to their request.” 23:22 Then the commanding officer sent the young man away, directing him, “Tell no one that you have reported these things to me.” 23:23 Then he summoned two of the centurions and said, “Make ready two hundred soldiers to go to Caesarea along with seventy horsemen and two hundred spearmen by nine o’clock tonight, 23:24 and provide mounts for Paul to ride so that he may be brought safely to Felix the governor.” 23:25 He wrote a letter that went like this: 23:26 Claudius Lysias to His Excellency Governor Felix, greetings. 23:27 This man was seized by the Jews and they were about to kill him, when I came up with the detachment and rescued him, because I had learned that he was a Roman citizen. 23:28 Since I wanted to know what charge they were accusing him of, I brought him down to their council. 23:29 I found he was accused with reference to controversial questions about their law, but no charge against him deserved death or imprisonment. 23:30 When I was informed there would be a plot against this man, I sent him to you at once, also ordering his accusers to state their charges against him before you. 23:31 So the soldiers, in accordance with their orders, took Paul and brought him to Antipatris during the night. 23:32 The next day they let the horsemen go on with him, and they returned to the barracks. 23:33 When the horsemen came to Caesarea and delivered the letter to the governor, they also presented Paul to him. 23:34 When the governor had read the letter, he asked what province he was from. When he learned that he was from Cilicia, 23:35 he said, “I will give you a hearing when your accusers arrive too.” Then he ordered that Paul be kept under guard in Herod’s palace.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Antipatris a city located in Palestine near the Mediterranean, about 20 kilometers ENE of Joppa
 · Caesarea a town on the Mediterranean 40 kilometers south of Mt. Carmel and 120 kilometers NW of Jerusalem.
 · Cilicia a region of SE Asia Minor
 · Claudius the Roman emperor who was the successor of Caligula,a Roman army captain in Jerusalem
 · Felix the governor of Judea at the time Paul visited Jerusalem for the last time
 · Herod son of Antipater; king over Judea when Christ was born,a son of Herod the Great,a grandson of Herod the Great and son of Aristobulus and Berenice
 · Jerusalem the capital city of Israel,a town; the capital of Israel near the southern border of Benjamin
 · Jews the people descended from Israel
 · Lysias a Roman army captain or tribune who helped Paul escape from the Jews
 · Pharisee a religious group or sect of the Jews
 · praetorium the large common room in the residence of the provincial governor (IBD)
 · Praetorium the large common room in the residence of the provincial governor (IBD)
 · Roman any person or thing associated with Rome, particularly a person who was a citizen of Rome.
 · Rome the capital city of Italy
 · Sadducee a group/sect of the Jews


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Prisoners | Paul | ACTS OF THE APOSTLES, 8-12 | PROVINCE | Self-defense | Claudius Lysias | PAUL, THE APOSTLE, 5 | ACTS OF THE APOSTLES, 13-OUTLINE | Minister | Change of Venue | Caesarea | Felix | ARMY, ROMAN | Sanhedrim | Sadducees | Armies | Letters | EPISTLE | Ananias | Pharisees | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Act 23:4 Insult God’s high priest. Paul was close to violation of the Mosaic law with his response, as the citation from Exod 22:28 in v. 5 makes clear.

NET Notes: Act 23:5 A quotation from Exod 22:28. This text defines a form of blasphemy. Paul, aware of the fact that he came close to crossing the line, backed off out of...

NET Notes: Act 23:6 That is, concerning the hope that the dead will be resurrected. Grk “concerning the hope and resurrection.” BDAG 320 s.v. ἐλ ...

NET Notes: Act 23:7 Grk “there came about an argument.” This has been simplified to “an argument began”

NET Notes: Act 23:8 This is a parenthetical note by the author.

NET Notes: Act 23:9 “We find nothing wrong with this man.” Here is another declaration of innocence. These leaders recognized the possibility that Paul might ...

NET Notes: Act 23:10 Or “the headquarters.” BDAG 775 s.v. παρεμβολή 2 has “barracks/headquarters of the Rom...

NET Notes: Act 23:11 For location see JP4 A1.

NET Notes: Act 23:12 The word “anything” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but ...

NET Notes: Act 23:13 L&N 30.73 defines συνωμοσία (sunwmosia) as “a plan for taking secret action someone or some ins...

NET Notes: Act 23:14 This included both food and drink (γεύομαι [geuomai] is used of water turned to wine in John 2:9).

NET Notes: Act 23:15 The words “this place” are not in the Greek text, but are implied.

NET Notes: Act 23:16 Or “the headquarters.” BDAG 775 s.v. παρεμβολή 2 has “barracks/headquarters of the Rom...

NET Notes: Act 23:17 Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 10.

NET Notes: Act 23:18 Grk “calling.” The participle προσκαλεσάμενος (proskalesameno&q...

NET Notes: Act 23:19 Grk “you have,” but the expression “have to report” in English could be understood to mean “must report” rather th...

NET Notes: Act 23:20 Grk “the Sanhedrin” (the Sanhedrin was the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).

NET Notes: Act 23:21 Grk “waiting for your approval,” “waiting for your agreement.” Since it would be possible to misunderstand the literal transla...

NET Notes: Act 23:22 On this verb, see BDAG 325-26 s.v. ἐμφανίζω 2. The term was frequently used of an official report to authorit...

NET Notes: Act 23:23 Grk “from the third hour of the night.”

NET Notes: Act 23:24 Grk “Felix the procurator.” The official Roman title has been translated as “governor” (BDAG 433 s.v. ἡγεμ...

NET Notes: Act 23:25 Grk “having this form,” “having this content.” L&N 33.48 has “γράψσς ἐπ_...

NET Notes: Act 23:26 Governor Felix. See the note on Felix in v. 24.

NET Notes: Act 23:27 The letter written by the Roman commander Claudius Lysias was somewhat self-serving. He made it sound as if the rescue of a Roman citizen had been a c...

NET Notes: Act 23:28 Grk “their Sanhedrin” (the Sanhedrin was the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).

NET Notes: Act 23:29 Despite the official assessment that no charge against him deserved death or imprisonment, there was no effort to release Paul.

NET Notes: Act 23:30 Grk “the things against him.” This could be rendered as “accusations,” “grievances,” or “charges,” but...

NET Notes: Act 23:31 Antipatris was a city in Judea about 35 mi (55 km) northwest of Jerusalem (about halfway to Caesarea). It was mentioned several times by Josephus (Ant...

NET Notes: Act 23:32 Or “the headquarters.” BDAG 775 s.v. παρεμβολή 2 has “barracks/headquarters of the Rom...

NET Notes: Act 23:33 BDAG 778 s.v. παρίστημι/παριστάνω 1.b has “present, re...

NET Notes: Act 23:34 Cilicia was a province in northeastern Asia Minor.

NET Notes: Act 23:35 Herod’s palace (Grk “Herod’s praetorium”) was the palace built in Caesarea by Herod the Great. See Josephus, Ant. 15.9.6 (15.3...

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